Running head: HOW TECHNOLOGY HAS IMPROVED HEALTH CARE SECTOR
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HOW TECHNOLOGY HAS IMPROVED HEALTH CARE SECTOR
HOW TECHNOLOGY HAS IMPROVED HEALTH CARE SECTOR
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Table of Contents
Tittle…………………………………………..…………………………………………………………… 1
3Abstract
3Introduction
3Thesis statement
4How technology has improved healthcare sector
4Improving how health care functions
4Improving health care services via computer technological playoffs
6Improving delivery of health care
7Improving health care sector through Telehealth technology
8Telepsychology treatment in the improvement of the health sector
9Enhancement of E-learning
9Improvement of communication involving health matters
9Provision of information through the internet and other media of ICT
10Increased effectiveness in systems of communiqué
10Improved access to opportunities and tools
10Increased interaction and participation
11Improvement through Electronic Medical Records (EMR)
12Conclusion
Abstract
The use of technology has helped to revolutionize health care system. Advances in information technology have enabled provision of better health care services which include diagnosis through current imaging as well as scanning technologies. People have adopted information communication technologies (ICTs) such as mobile telephony, e-mail and video conferencing to share health information. Digital technologies have also made the voices of many people accessible through the internet, T.V., radio and other devices that have changed the opportunities in which people share experience, knowledge, and opinions. Effective communication is an essential element in practices of public health practices. The use of advanced technologies has improved the quality of communication and information. Technology is paramount in enabling the aspect of accurately predicting the medical trends via online databases. Via the analyses of the user’s online health information search engines including Google facilitates in accurately predicting the trends of medical for instance flu outbreak. Since more and more of the people continue making use of the web in searching for their own medical problems, it is imperative to note that the internet continues having more and more information applicable to the scientific studies. Technology has led to improvement in the provision of health care through the use of advanced technological equipment, keeping of medical records and enabling people and health care personnel to access health-related information from different parts of the globe.
Introduction
Health care is critical to the welfare of the people in any country. With the help of increased usage of technologies globally, it is as well imperative to note that health practitioners have in almost all undertakings used various technologies that nowadays are of importance in improving exercise for adults and especially people with obesity together with those having sedentary lifestyles. Some of the technological mechanisms that have been adopted in the healthcare sectors include; Telehealth, Telemedicine, computer technological payoffs and Telepsychology among others as discussed in this paper.
Thesis statement
In consideration of the rapid changes in technological advancement and development in all sectors operations, health sector has not been left behind in the usage of technology that so far has proved to vital in improvement of the healthcare services. Failure to adopt technology in healthcare sectors has resulted in many setbacks and inefficiency in numerous health sector’s undertakings. This paper analyses how technology has improved healthcare sectors.
How technology has improved healthcare sector
Improving how health care functions
Systems of health care are complex (Huang, A2016). Similarly, information needs and different processes in health care are complex. Therefore, it is critical for the information systems to capture and process data with wide diversity, range as well as the level of detail. The health care systems are different from other sectors as a result of a wide array of types of data. For instance, automating records of the patients has to involve many requirements and challenges that arise due to classification of health conditions of health, codification of findings and interventions. Others areas where information is required include tracking the prevalence of a disease, billing procedures, monitoring supplies of drugs and ensuring ordering systems are maintained. Technology plays a critical role in ensuring that all these processes are performed well through the provision of the information when it is needed. Information communication technologies form the basis for developing and operating the information systems and assists in creating and applying knowledge (Chib et al., 2008). The information systems perform at different levels of complexity and sophistication from specific to general.
Improving health care services via computer technological playoffs
Computer technological playoffs have proved to be operative in the improvement of the physical activities in addition to reducing the heaviness of the overweight individuals. According to the recent research study, it has been found that application of the lively video technological gaming through an intervention program in the health sector transpires to an intensification of the physical activity thereby reducing the weight amongst obese together with the overweighed individuals. Concerning pediatric obesity according to the research, it is worth noting that the adoption of the video technological gaming ought to be effective in the improvement of the physical activity in addition to helping address the problematic of the plumpness in childhood which at the moment has become a major health concern for the children. In all aspects, it is imperative to note that the modern technology is of great impact in all health sectors in facilitating the treatment of depression, particularly in older adults. Research carried out at the Cornell Medical College discovered that computer technological playoffs ought to be of great help to the elderly in the reduction of the warning sign of depression. A different research study carried out at the University of North Carolina confirmed that older population that actively engaged in the computer technological playoffs conveyed an improved state of health compared with those who did not play those technological games. In this research the study comprised of 11 participants that were given a computer training program for one month. Afterward, the patients were subjected to the test that evaluated the symptoms of the depression and brain functions. Following this, the results were matched with the result of the other group that had been put on escitalopram. The result indicated that computer technological playoffs delivered a better means of stress reduction than antidepressants in the cure of downheartedness symptoms. Moreover, it was reported that the contributors who used computer technological playoffs improved their health conditions in four weeks duration while those who only used medication took three months to improve their health conditions (Noorda et al., 2015).
Computer technological playoffs are valuable in the enhancement of the refining brain executive functions thus reducing symptoms of the depression. An additional research study discovered that older adults who undertake those computer technological playoffs regularly have the opportunity of being able to meet physical activity goals. One of the research studies on advanced years which was undertaken at the California University disclosed that the computer technological playoffs on a regular basis improve the mood as well the life quality of the aging people health. In deliberation of the usage of the technology in the health sector, a research study review was undertaken about the effect of the digital intervention on depression via meta-analysis. The research applied randomized controlled trials together with database searching were as well used in the study. An analysis of subgroup exposed that using psychoeducational and training in the intervention had an insignificant outcome as equated with other related forms. A more positive consequence was accomplished when the waiting list served as the control. Thus, all in all, meta-analysis support in conjunction with the review support the efficiency of Computer technological playoffs in the reduction of depression hence improvement of the health sector via technology (Jog et. al, 2015).
According to the Medical Research Council in U.K., training sessions of the computer technological playoffs progresses memory and neural connectivity of children for a given duration of time. Working memory is vital in carrying out daily as well as complex tasks, yet its development is connected with the progress childhood health well-being. The investigators were keen to discern whether the working memory of children aged 8 and 11 ought to be improved via use of computer technological playoffs. Following this, the participants were obligated to engage in twenty computer playoff sessions in their homes, in this case, every session took about half an hour comprising of 8 diverse playoffs. One of the games entailed bringing to mind where asteroids were located that was to be seen in sequence on the screen. The children were required to click on the asteroids in line with the previous know-how and further challenging levels. The additional task involved remembering how words looked with the cumulative challenge over time. As the time endured, children exhibited an improvement at memorizing sequences in addition to adopting a new set of skills. Overall, the result showed that involvement of the persons to more technologically challenging games ought to facilitate neural connections in the attainment of more adaptableness to the fluctuating conditions. In view of the magnetic fields fashioned by the brain, accomplishing the visual processing roles as well as attention remained robust demonstrating the persistence of the cognitive effects of computer technological playoffs applied in the health sector (Brandis, Fitzgerald & Booth, 2016).
Improving delivery of health care
According to Richins (2015) integrating the application of information communication technologies into existing health care assist in the improvement of health care delivery in different ways. It may include using telemedicine to improve patient care and diagnosis, improve the research findings and continued the professional development of physicians and other health care professionals. The ICTs also help to improve efforts and ensure that specific conditions are impacted significantly.
Telemedicine is a field that has been experiencing significant growth. Many countries have implemented telemedicine, and it has been a powerful tool for the improvement of health care delivery (Huang, 2016). Pilot projects that have already been successful have shown that telemedicine is critical in treatment and diagnosis of specific conditions. Telemedicine is a method which is cost-effective and can be employed by rich countries to assist developing countries in capacity building to improve the delivery of health care. A study carried out concerning the teleophthalmology revealed that the transfer of technology is effective in decreasing the burden of the eye illness. Telemedicine has also been advanced in America, and various case studies of the pilot projects have informative information for steering forward projects. It may include the application of telemedicine in non-urban areas to enhance maternal health and exploring how the internet can be applied in towns to prevent mental health. In developing countries, there is still a vast population that resides in rural parts of the country and their health care is not normally distributed. However, the health care resources are found in urban areas. As a result, patients travel in large numbers from the rural areas to towns to seek treatment at a huge cost. In the developing countries, ICTs are now used innovatively to ensure that people get access to the health care effectively. Africa Medical Research Foundation (AMREF) has improved clinical outreach with the aid of telemedicine (Richins, 2015).
Different sites have been established to expand it and test its approach in over 80 hospitals that are served by AMREF. The primary goal of AMREF telemedicine project is to improve access to specialist care. Another goal is to enhance care by teleconsultation as well as CME courses. The health care staff in the rural hospitals uses e-mail to send the case notes and images of the patients to be attended to the following day. After forwarding the clinical notes and attachments that include digital images of the parts that require treatment through the internet virtual consultation starts. Additionally, telemedicine assists in dealing with the shortage of health care personnel by improving coordination of the resources and linking health care professionals with the modern research and information. Telemedicine also builds connections between the areas that are well-served and those that are underserved and improve sharing of experience as well as professional development (Chib et al., 2008). In a nutshell, incorporation of technology in telemedicine makes all the difference in improving health care delivery.
Improving health care sector through Telehealth technology
Jog et al., (2015) argues that telehealth is a broader scope that takes into consideration of the remote healthcare services. This is not the same as telemedicine, though in many instances telehealth and telemedicine terms are used interchangeably. All in all, it is imperative to note that telehealth facilitates the capability of aggregating access to as well the quality of the healthcare services in the rural communities only through the help of the technology. In the contemporary world of technological know-how, it is worth noting that telehealth lets rural patients access specialist despite the fact that they are very far apart to the extent of patient being in their communities. This technology has therefore improved the health sector by allowing local providers to take the frontrunner of the distance expertise henceforward improvement as well as the timeliness of the health care amenities and treatment.
Telemedicine is one of the main inaccessible distributions of the information as well as healthcare services via use of the telecommunication technology. It is worth noting that one of the main images of the telehealth takes account of the aspect of a patient speaking through video conference by a remote physician. It is vital to comprehend that telehealth assumes diverse forms. It is demarcated by the health resource services administration as being the usage of the telecommunications technologies together with the electronic information in support of the clinical health care for long distance, public health and health administration in addition to patient and professional healthy related education. From these perspectives, it is imperative to note that some of the shared telehealth technologies include video conferencing, store-and – forward data, remote patient monitoring, mobile health (mHealth) applications and videos or images. In view of the developing role of the Telehealth in the environment of the health care, it is worth noting that this undertaking improves the quality of health care and reduces costs by way of reduction of the readmissions as well as the reduction of needless emergency departmental visits in the rural communities(Noordam et al., 2015).
In the modern world of the technological advancement and development, the truth of the matter is that the practice of the telehealth services is realistic for the rural healthcare facilities in consideration of the staffing facilities that have specialist providers. Telehealth technology put up with specialists visit to rural patients virtually. A case in point of the service that has been enhanced via telehealth technology includes the specialist that are delivered to rural communities by use of the telemedicine; these take account of; telepsychiatry, teledermatology, teleradiology, teleophthalmology and teledentistry among others. In practice some of the main areas via which telemedicine advances rural healthcare access take in (e-ICUS) intensive care unit. Telemonitoring, (ECHO) extension for community healthcare outcomes which permits chronic disease management in the rural places a case in point for this matter being one in New Mexico. From these perspectives, Access Telehealth refers to the website developed by health resources and services administration taking perspectives of the successes of other telehealth. A case in point in this matter includes the Evangelical Lutheran Good Samaritan Society which makes use of the telehealth in monitoring the enhancement of the patient care (Joget al., 2015).
Telepsychology treatment in the improvement of the health sector
In contemplation of the inconspicuousness in the arrangement of the physical as well the mental health concerns it has been established that telepsychology has been in effect as one of the key improvement of the mental health status of the clients assessed following the fourth session of therapy. As a consequence of this, the rising evidence base of the telepsychology has broadened, displaying the efficiency of the modality treatment predominantly in the rural populaces that live in an underserved area. The telepsychology services have been developed via an academic- community partnership and are considered to be viable options for the rural occupants that have the needs for effective mental health care. Needless to state is the fact that telepsychology is one of the forthcoming zones of the telehealthand to a great extent is rapidly developing ground in deliberation for its efficacy in addition to its high accessibility which has special insinuation for the rural communities. Given the rapid changes in the technological advancement and development, it is imperative that future studies take into thoughtfulness the influence of the long-term treatment concerning the chronic nature of the numerous rural clients that have various concerns. In the current study, it is apparent that the psychotherapists did not take an all-inclusive evaluation of the physical and mental needs of the clients together with the fact that at the same time global processes of HRQOL were for the analysis. In time to come, medical researchers may opt to scrutinize the influence as well as the pervasiveness of the detailed diagnoses concerning the response of the telepsychology treatment. It is worth noting that so far no clients have been left out from the study if they ought not to meet the clinical barring criteria that include homicidal risk, high suicidal or active psychosis. All the same, some of the various individuals that look for telepsychology treatment happens to have challenges of getting or accessing the healthy services for the reason that of the mobility constraints. The bottom line is that it ought to be in the interest of the telepsychology’s researchers to further study in-home services via an exceptional deliberation needs to be taken into deliberation in making sure that the confidentiality of the client and safety is supported. Hence in doing all this ought to be an assurance that everything is well and their health sector is continually improving (Noordam et al., 2015).
Enhancement of E-learning
Lack of access to the health-related information has remained a barrier, especially in the developing countries. However, with technology, the healthcare professionals are better than before due to the e-learning that helps them to gather information. The use of ICTs has provided an opportunity to change the situation of health practitioners. World Health Organization (WHO) has made efforts to increase access to fundamental health information (Chib et al., 2008). United Nations Development Programme (UNEP) has also undertaken projects to increase access to the health care information. For instance, in India, the project was conducted to improve access to health information with connectivity, content, and capacity.
Electronic networking and communication have been used to provide information concerning HIV and AIDS in different countries (Spekowius&Wendler, 2007). Home and Community Care (HCC) had not been given adequate attention in the past, yet it plays an important function of providing quality, adequate and essential care to offer support to the people with HIV/AIDS. Workers at the lowest level hardly air their voice at the international level. However, electronic conferences have provided a platform where people from different countries can share ideas, and this has helped to improve health care for people with HIV/AIDS.
Improvement of communication involving health matters
People acquire new information, ideas as well as approaches regarding their economic, social, local context and cultural processes (Chib et al., 2008). Such information, ideas, and strategies are assimilated, adapted and incorporated in the daily realities, and this enables the people to deal with the local situation in a better way. ICTs offer a variety of opportunities in providing access to health information to the members of public as well as developing collective communication. The ICTs are considered important in sharing information concerning the changes of a certain disease among the health care professionals and develop appropriate responses. Further, ICTs encourage dialogues, social mobilization and debates with a focus on public health. Various approaches have been used to improve access to the information in different countries. Among the systems used is the development of internet information portals to enable healthcare staff to have access to the vital information that is beneficial to the patients (Berkowitz & McCarthy, 2013).
Provision of information through the internet and other media of ICT
In this digital era, ICTs provide an opportunity to the media, health communicators and other stakeholders with a platform to disseminate health information. Portals have increased the rate at which the information is distributed to the relevant parties with interest. The information communicated through the internet includes patient focused and general focused.
Patients and health workers have been facing a challenge of going through various information sites and finding out which are worthwhile (Richins, 2015). The web-based therapies have encouraged the behavioral change of the individuals who seek that intervention. The outcome includes increased knowledge of the status of nutrition, increased the time of exercise and reduced health decline. It is evident that the information on the internet helps to educate the public on health matters. However, it is critical for the health workers to educate the patients on the proper use of information from the internet. There are an increased number of portals and sites that are available to the general public or particular groups and this include those with HIV/AIDS. Many non-governmental organizations have recognized the ability of the internet in extending traditional communications projects. The internet also develops new approaches that include providing online resources for communication (Shiferaw& Zolfo, 2012).
Increased effectiveness in systems of communiqué
As Berkowitz & McCarthy (2013) explains the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has helped to facilitate planning in the health sector by identifying and predicting the spread of various diseases. In a country such as Bangladesh, GIS has been utilized to warn health authorities on the spread of cholera in the coastal regions. The Malaria Research Centre in India has used remote sensing to search areas where mosquito that carries malaria was likely to be while applying the ecological factors that are conducive for survival and breeding. The specific location was predicted and later on control measures were undertaken. Approximately 50 million human populations were at risk from this mosquito whose outcome was unknown.
Improved access to opportunities and tools
Community and health workers have benefited from improved access to the information through community access points and community telephones. Research demonstrated that there was a major concern on the access to information concerning HIV/AIDS in developing countries in Africa (Shiferaw& Zolfo, 2012). The establishment of community access points helped the users to get access to the health information. The community telephones provide information to the community concerning health eating habits and lifestyles that reduce the chances of contracting diseases.
Increased interaction and participation
ICTs present opportunities for the people who are not consulted for their voice to be heard. It has led to the new forms of communication and innovation. Peer-to-peer communication and other intermediaries have been improved. There is wide scope for online communication, community networking through online and personal reflective communication. For instance, ICTs have enabled newsgroups and e-forums to provide a platform for the providers of health care services, health communicators, and other interested groups to come together to share the information related to health (Spekowius&Wendler, 2007). Planners of the programs are usually advised to apply designs that promote interactive dialogue for long-term instead of using a one-time broadcast of approaches and information that use a variety of technology. In the developing countries, radio is still commonly used as a medium for health promotion, health education, and participatory health communication. Developed ICT’s add the potential to radio to develop a sound loop of feedback to enable listeners to interact with broadcasters in various innovative ways such as through internet based communications and e-mail (Berkowitz & McCarthy, 2013).
The increased expression on health can include individuals and groups taking about health matters on radio through phones or e-mails. ICT’s have provided opportunities to express opinions, networking including globally and locally about issues of health advocacy and chances for personal expression through e-forums, chat rooms, blogs and e-mail (Richins, 2015). Even though many aspects of ICT have a great impact on the Western world, the feature of personal and public expression has gained roots in the developing nations where mobile telephony and internet cafes offer opportunities for improvement to access to information. There is a democratizing feature of unmediated and open communication provided by ICT’s.
Improvement through Electronic Medical Records (EMR)
As Shiferaw& Zolfo (2012) affirms, information technology has become increasingly acknowledged as a vital tool that improves the quality of care and patient safety through the promotion of evidence-based medicine practice. Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) refers to technology that facilitates physician practices to enhance quality programs that are powerful than is feasible with records that are paper-based. Nevertheless, attaining quality improvement by use of EMR is not easy or low-cost. Quality improvement is primarily based on the use of EMRs by physicians rather than paper for nearly all of their daily activities. Thus, there is an improved progress about the adoption of the new technology by physician practices. EMR serves to improve quality and efficiency of health care delivery. Computerization of prevention and reminders guidelines is of great important especially to the patients (Deutschman&Neligan, 2010). For instance, reminders are very effective in the care of some conditions such as diabetes. Computerizing medication prescription aids in improving safety by reducing the rate of medical error. Since communication between physicians and patients seems to represent a particular challenge especially in outpatient care, EMR serves an important function in this domain. There is a quality improvement due to monitoring and tracking results that are abnormal and making sure that there is an appropriate follow-up. Additionally, electronic records are connected to surveillance of public health to serve a major function during emergencies (Brunner & Day, 2009).
Quality measurement is increasingly being demanded by both payers and public which is easier through the adoption of EMRs as it is possible to automate some aspects of chart reviews (Miller & Hillman, 2006). EMRs enhance sharing of information between providers and patients. EMRs would serve an important function for specialty care. For instance, poor communication hinders the current process of referral which can be ameliorated by computerization. Healthcare with poor coordination can result in unnecessary tests as well as treatments, adverse drug events, and higher costs. It is difficult to establish meaningful connections between primary care and specialty services until EMR is sufficiently developed to interface across a range of settings (Berkowitz & McCarthy, 2013).
Support is given to practices of physicians; especially that involve a small group to conduct time-consuming workflow. The complimentary changes support helps to provide comprehensive support services for EMR to small group practices which encourage physicians to adopt EMRs. Enhancing exchange of data assists in saving the time of the physician. The strategy ensures the security of clinical data exchange electronically thus lessening the disruption paper based and parallel electronic medical record systems thereby saving the time of physicians and thus encouraging them to use EMRs (Shiferaw& Zolfo, 2012). There is also an aspect of demonstration as well as evaluation of projects that may help to identify how to encourage the physicians to adopt EMRs to a better quality of care. The projects help to determine the best design of incentives of pay-for-performance that encourage physicians to adopt the use of EMRs in the delivery of health care services.
Conclusion
It is evident that technology has played a critical role in the improvement of health care. The information communication technology has facilitated sharing of health information both locally and globally. The Internet, radio, television, telephony have been increasingly used to enhance communication in the health care sector. The fact remains that most of the people use internet to research more about the medical issues. This has empowered patients in making accurate as the well fast decision in regards to their health conditions. Nowadays it is imperative to note that the healthcare facilities reach patients mainly through the social media. The technology has altered the healthcare to a great extent via the provision of the new machines, medicines as well as treatments that save lives in addition to improving the recovery chances for the billions. The truth of the matter is that sophisticated medical practices assist patients to heal directly and the new technology has as well enhanced research in that experts make the healthcare more effective. It is imperative to note that the information technology has made the patient care safer as well becoming more dependable than ever before. Doctors and nurses use hand-held computers to record the medical history of the patient in addition to ensuring that they are overseen by use of the correct treatment. It is as well imperative to note that the lab tests results, records of the vital signs as well as the medical orders are all of them electronically put into the main database that can be later referred to. It is as well imperative to note that as more of the institutions are adapting to the electronic health recording, patients are enabled to have easier access to the information to understand what goes on and done to them. Via technology, doctors are easily reached in addition to making their jobs better. Through the touch of a smartphone, doctors have access to the numerous pages of the medical textbooks. Doctors can as well make use of the online medical databases to review case studies in addition to checking out the detailed history of the patient. It is via technology that doctors are able to make use of the e-mail, texts, conference facilities as well as videos in consulting their colleagues all over the world via the practice of telemedicine.
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